刀马旦Exclusive: ‘Like ripples on the sea’: Chinese astronomer tells Global Times how the Milky Way got its newly discovered ‘wrinkles’_我的网站
A | 北京8月17日电（记者高敬）生态环境部会同工业和信息化部、农业农村部等部门近日联合印发通知，进一步加强工业、畜禽养殖等企业污水污染风险防范，保障农业灌溉用水安全。 生态环境部水生态环境司有关负责人17日介绍，近年来，一些工业企业及园区、畜禽养殖场等与农田相邻，污水排放管控不到位，农业灌溉用水安全隐患不容忽视。此次印发的通知以保障农业灌溉用水安全为核心，以源头预防、过程把控、末端监管为主线，推动构建跨部门、全周期的风险防控体系。 通知从空间布局、排污管控、水质保障、监管执法等四个方面明确相关举措—— 通知明确，在国土空间规划管控、生态环境分区管控、建设项目环境影响评价等环节，进一步规范农田周边、喀斯特地貌等风险较高地区，以及排放全盐量、重金属、有毒有害污染物等特征污染物的建设项目准入要求，严防化工园区转移带来的环境风险。 通知要求，推进农田周边工业园区污水集中处理设施升级改造，开展工业、畜禽养殖涉水问题排查整治，对工业企业排放特征污染物可能影响下游农业灌溉用水安全的，开展地方水污染物排放标准制修订，加强排放管控要求。 通知提出，进一步压实企业自行监测主体责任，出台农田灌溉用水水质监测技术指南，指导地方因地制宜制定农业灌溉用水水质监测计划，加强农业灌溉用水水质监测协作，明确信息通报、数据共享、应急处置等要求。  Chinese astronomers have discovered that the Milky Way is not a simple, smoothly warped disk, but contains widespread "wrinkle-like" structures resembling ripples on a water surface, providing new clues to understanding the galaxy's 3D structure and evolutionary history. The discovery was made by a research team from the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, using data from the "Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting" (MWISP) survey. The findings were published online titled "Widespread corrugations superimposed on the Galactic warp in the outer CO disk" in the journal Nature Astronomy on August 7. For decades, astronomers have known that the Milky Way's disk is not perfectly flat. Instead, its outer regions are slightly bent upward on one side and downward on the other - a structure known as a galactic warp. However, the latest study shows that this large-scale bending is not the whole story. Smaller-scale vertical fluctuations are also embedded within the warped disk, creating a more complicated 3D structure. "In many illustrations and in the public imagination, the Milky Way looks like a flat vinyl record," Sun Yan, associate researcher at PMO and the first author of the paper, told the Global Times on Tuesday. "In reality, the outer part of the Milky Way is more like a record that has been heated and deformed, with one side lifted and the other side lowered. That is the warp. On top of this large-scale deformation, there are additional smaller waves, which we call corrugations," Sun explained. Using a more everyday analogy, Sun compared the Milky Way's structure to a sea surface. The warp is like a large swell that changes the overall height of the ocean, while corrugations are smaller waves superimposed on that swell. "The two structures exist together. In our data analysis, we first removed the large-scale warp model, which allowed us to reveal the smaller wave-like patterns hidden underneath," Sun said. The research focused on the Milky Way's outer gas disk rather than the more familiar stellar disk. According to Sun, cold molecular gas and stars provide two complementary ways to study the galaxy. "Molecular gas is a sensitive probe for studying the vertical structure and dynamics of the galactic disk because it is concentrated near the disk plane and responds strongly to disturbances," she said. Molecular gas is also the raw material for star formation, meaning its distribution is closely connected with the formation of young stars. The researchers traced this gas through carbon monoxide (CO) emission, which can penetrate regions obscured by interstellar dust and provide a different perspective from optical observations of stars. The breakthrough was made possible by the MWISP survey, conducted using China's 13.7-meter millimeter-wave telescope. "MWISP can be understood as giving the Milky Way a large-scale medical examination using millimeter-wave observations," Sun said. Previous CO surveys were limited in sensitivity and coverage, making it difficult to accurately study the distant outer regions of the galaxy. In contrast, the latest study identified more than 30,000 molecular cloud samples, covering about half of the Milky Way's outer disk and extending to a distance of about 26 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center. With such a large dataset, researchers were able to first establish a model of the overall warp and then separate subtle structures from the background. The newly identified corrugations have radial wavelengths of about 3.9-7.9 kiloparsecs and vertical amplitudes of about 100-200 parsecs. The study also identified a corrugation structure extending about 40 kiloparsecs in azimuth at a distance of around 12.7 kiloparsecs from the Galactic center. In some spiral arm regions, vertical displacements can reach approximately 200 parsecs. The researchers believe these large-scale vertical fluctuations are likely related to "bending waves" triggered by external gravitational disturbances, suggesting that the Milky Way might have experienced more complex interactions during its evolutionary history. Although the newly discovered structures sound dramatic, they do not have any direct impact on Earth or the solar system. "Humans cannot directly sense these corrugations," Sun said. "Their scales reach thousands or even tens of thousands of light-years, and even if these structures are evolving, such changes would not be directly perceptible on human timescales." The study focuses on the outer disk of the Milky Way and does not include the region around the solar system. "There is currently no evidence that these structures have any observable influence on Earth's environment," Sun said. Instead, their significance lies in what they reveal about the past. Like geological layers recording Earth's history, these galactic structures preserve traces of the Milky Way's evolutionary journey, the researchers explained. Researchers said future studies combining more precise motion measurements and numerical simulations could further reveal the origins of these structures and their role in the long-term evolution of the Milky Way. 。 通知要求，加大现场执法力度，重点整治利用溶洞、渗坑、裂隙等非法排放工业废水、畜禽粪污等行为。加强执法司法联动和信息共享，完善行政执法与刑事司法衔接，坚决打击污染环境犯罪。
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